If you’ve ever searched for scholarships online — especially as a Nigerian student — you’ve probably come across terms like “merit-based” and “need-based.” But let’s be honest, many of us just skip past those labels and focus on the money part.
Truth is, understanding these two types of scholarships can seriously improve your chances of getting one. Too many students miss out just because they didn’t understand the criteria.
So let’s break it down in plain Naija English.
First Off, What’s a Scholarship?
A scholarship is simply financial support that helps you further your education — without paying it back. Unlike loans, scholarships are like “free money” that cover your tuition, books, and sometimes even accommodation or upkeep.
But not all scholarships are created the same way. Some are given because you’re academically brilliant, while others are offered because you genuinely can’t afford school fees.
That’s where merit-based and need-based come in.
What Are Merit-Based Scholarships?
These are scholarships given based on your performance — whether it’s academic excellence, leadership, talent, or special skills.
So if you’re the kind of student that gets 6 or 7 A’s in WAEC, maybe your name always comes up during prize-giving day in school, or you’re known for being exceptional in tech, sports, or creative work — you’re the target for merit-based scholarships.
Key Features of Merit-Based Scholarships
- Based on your grades, talent or leadership
- Usually need your academic transcripts, certificates, or awards
- Sometimes, you’ll write an exam or attend an interview
- You may have to maintain a certain CGPA to keep the scholarship
Real Examples in Nigeria
- MTN Foundation Scholarship – For top students in science & tech courses
- NNPC/Total Undergraduate Scholarship – Very competitive, focused on strong academic performance
- Agbami Scholarship – For high-achieving medical and engineering students
If you know you’re strong academically, don’t dull. Merit-based scholarships are for you.
What Are Need-Based Scholarships?
These are meant for students who may not be the best in class but are struggling financially. Maybe your parents can’t afford school fees, or you’re the first in your family trying to go to university.
In short, need-based scholarships are for those who genuinely need help, regardless of whether they made straight A’s or not.
Key Features of Need-Based Scholarships
- Focuses on your financial background
- Requires documents like family income proof or personal statements
- Academic performance still matters — but not the main factor
- Your story matters more than your score
Examples Nigerians Can Apply For
- Jim Ovia Foundation Scholarship – Prioritises students from humble backgrounds
- MasterCard Foundation Scholarship – Full scholarship for students in need across Africa
- Federal Government Bursary Awards – Targeted at students facing financial struggles
If you’ve been wondering whether you qualify just because you didn’t top your class — this is your lane. Tell your story with honesty and you stand a strong chance.
The Major Difference (In Simple Terms)
Let’s not complicate it. Here’s the difference in a nutshell:
- Merit-based = They want to reward your brilliance
- Need-based = They want to support your struggle
So if you’re the class genius — merit-based.
If you’re the child of a trader hustling to pay fees — need-based.
If you’re both? Apply for both. Nothing stops you.
Quick Comparison Table
| Criteria | Merit-Based | Need-Based |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | Academic/talent performance | Financial hardship |
| Main Requirement | Excellent grades, talent, awards | Income documents, compelling story |
| Renewal Condition | Maintain CGPA or results | Still in need, honest documentation |
| Who Should Apply? | High performers | Students with low-income background |
Real-Life Nigerian Example: A Tale of Two Students
Let’s say you have two friends:
- Tolu: She had 6 A’s in WAEC, does coding, and has represented Nigeria in a tech competition. Her family is okay financially.
- Sodiq: He has average grades, but his dad is a mechanic and his mum sells pepper. He barely raised money for JAMB and wears the same sandals since SS1.
Tolu should target merit-based scholarships — she has the results and potential.
Sodiq should go for need-based scholarships — his story shows he needs real help.
But if you’re like Kemi, who got 5 A’s, volunteers in church, and her single mum sells puff-puff to support her schooling — then sis, apply for both.
Which Should You Apply For?
Ask yourself:
- Do I have academic excellence or special talent?
- Do I come from a low-income background?
If your answer is yes to either, you already know your path.
If your answer is yes to both, don’t limit yourself — apply for all.
Many students miss out simply because they assumed they wouldn’t qualify.
Practical Tips for Naija Students Applying for Scholarships
Here’s the street-smart guide:
- Tell your story — don’t fake it, just make it relatable
- Use real documents — never submit fake certificates
- Start early — don’t wait till deadline week
- Follow legit blogs like Krain Naija News for verified updates
- Don’t apply for just one — try many and increase your odds
- Join scholarship WhatsApp or Telegram groups to stay in the loop
- Polish your email writing skills — many offers will come via email
Final Thoughts
The truth is, both merit-based and need-based scholarships can open doors that your pocket alone may not be able to. Understanding which one fits you is the first step to finally leaving that financial stress behind.
Whether you’re the genius in class or the hardworking dreamer with a powerful story, there’s a scholarship out there with your name on it.
Keep pushing, stay focused, and stay informed.
Krain Naija News is here to walk the journey with you — bringing you verified scholarship openings, study-abroad tips, and life-changing academic updates made for the Nigerian student. Let’s keep winning, one scholarship at a time.
